The TAC EVM Layer is a fully-fledged Layer-1 blockchain environment based on Cosmos SDK technology. It provides a secure and scalable execution environment specifically optimized for Ethereum-compatible smart contracts, allowing existing EVM dApps to be deployed without modifications or code rewrites, achieving ≈2-second finality through dPoS.

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Technical Foundation

TAC EVM Layer combines proven blockchain technologies to deliver a robust execution environment that feels familiar to Ethereum developers.

TAC EVM Layer built on battle-tested infrastructure

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Core Technology Stack

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Performance Characteristics

TAC EVM Layer maintains the security guarantees developers expect from a production blockchain built on Cosmos SDK.

≈2-second finality through Tendermint consensus mechanism provides deterministic execution and fast block confirmation. Transactions are irreversibly confirmed with minimal latency.

No reorganizations are possible due to Tendermint’s BFT consensus model. This eliminates edge cases where transactions might be reversed or reordered after confirmation.

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Developer Experience

TAC EVM Layer maintains complete compatibility with the Ethereum development ecosystem while providing enhanced debugging and development capabilities.

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Tool Compatibility

Every tool in the Ethereum ecosystem works seamlessly with TAC EVM Layer:

Development Frameworks

Hardhat, Truffle, Foundry, and Remix work without configuration changes. Deploy scripts, test suites, and build processes transfer directly.

Wallet Integration

MetaMask, WalletConnect, and other Web3 wallets connect by simply adding TAC as a custom network. No special plugins required.

JavaScript Libraries

Web3.js, Ethers.js, and Viem work exactly as they do with Ethereum. Contract ABIs and interaction patterns remain identical.

Infrastructure Tools

Block explorers, indexers, and monitoring tools designed for Ethereum can index TAC EVM Layer with minimal configuration.

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Security Model

TAC EVM Layer employs a dual-layer security approach that provides both immediate operational security and long-term economic security.

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Primary Security: Delegated Proof of Stake

The core security of TAC EVM Layer comes from a delegated Proof of Stake consensus mechanism built on the latest Cosmos SDK.

  • Validator Selection: The network supports a configurable number of validators (to be determined before mainnet launch). Anyone can become a validator by staking TAC tokens and maintaining the required infrastructure.

  • Delegation System: TAC token holders can delegate their stake to validators, earning rewards while contributing to network security. This allows broader participation in securing the network without requiring users to run validator infrastructure.

  • Immediate Finality: The BFT consensus provides immediate finality with a 67% supermajority requirement. This means transactions are final the moment they’re included in a block, with no possibility of reversal.

  • Slashing Protection: Validators face automatic slashing for provable misbehavior like double-signing or extended downtime. This creates strong economic incentives for reliable, honest participation.

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Enhanced Security: Babylon Bitcoin Staking

TAC EVM Layer integrates with Babylon’s Bitcoin staking protocol to add an additional layer of economic security.

Bitcoin staking provides enhanced security but introduces slight delays in finality. Most applications can rely on the immediate dPoS finality for optimal user experience.

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Gas and Fee Structure

TAC EVM Layer implements familiar gas mechanics with improvements for predictability and efficiency.

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EIP-1559 Implementation

TAC EVM Layer uses EIP-1559 gas pricing for predictable transaction fees:

// Gas calculations work exactly like Ethereum
uint256 gasUsed = gasLimit - gasleft();
uint256 effectiveGasPrice = baseFee + min(maxPriorityFee, maxFeePerGas - baseFee);
uint256 totalCost = gasUsed * effectiveGasPrice;

  • Base Fee: Automatically adjusts based on network congestion, providing predictable pricing for users.

  • Priority Fee: Allows users to pay extra for faster inclusion during high-demand periods.

  • Fee Burning: A portion of transaction fees are burned, creating deflationary pressure on TAC tokens.

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Integration with TON Adapter

TAC EVM Layer includes native integration points for the TON Adapter system, enabling seamless cross-chain functionality.

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Cross-Chain Layer Contract

A system-level contract manages all interactions with the TON Adapter:

interface ICrossChainLayer {
    function receiveMessage(
        bytes32 messageHash,
        bytes calldata merkleProof,
        MessageData calldata message
    ) external;

    function sendMessage(
        OutMessageV1 calldata outMessage
    ) external;
}

This contract is deployed at the genesis block and handles all cross-chain message routing, asset operations, and validation.

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Asset Management

TAC EVM Layer includes specialized contracts for managing bridged assets from TON:

  • Token Factory: Automatically deploys ERC-20 contracts for TON jettons when they first cross to TAC EVM Layer.

  • Asset Registry: Maintains the mapping between TON asset addresses and their TAC EVM equivalents.

  • Bridge Contracts: Handle the locking and unlocking of assets as they move between chains.

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What’s Next?

The TAC EVM Layer provides the execution foundation for hybrid dApps. Understanding how it connects to other TAC components helps you build more effective applications.

TON Adapter

Learn how messages flow between TAC EVM Layer and TON

Proxy Apps

Discover how smart contracts receive cross-chain messages